There is no such thing as "time". What is thought of as "time" is but an imbalance in the wave-particle duality of the Principle of Complementarity.

Can you think of a TIME event that is NOT an ENERGY event? Quite often the glib expression...time and energy...is used, and yet after one gives the matter any serious thought there really is no such thing as "time" that does not refer to some kind of energy event. In other words the word-concept of time really means the rate of energy of something, or T=dE, where d means delta, a 2 vector area term that means "change of".

Energy comes in 2 basic types: kinetic and potential. Kinetic energy is understood as mass as in mv². Potential energy is understood as momentum as in mv. Newton's First Law: "The momentum of a body remains constant if no external unbalanced force acts on it" is saying that if F=O then dM=O, and the momentum is constant. But herein is a fundamental flaw in thinking that can be traced from Newton to DeLaPlace to Planck to Heisenberg: dM means delta Momentum which is an oxymoron, a dilemma: delta means "change of", momentum means "no change of" or dM = change of-no change of. How can you change something that by definition can't be changed? Einstein expressed it as having money in the bank; you either leave it in the bank or take it out, but you can't have it both ways. The momentum-money either stays in the bank at a fixed level of potential energy or you take it out which requires a kinetic energy/mass/time transaction which is a change-of-state of the fixed, by definition, momentum state. The First Law of Thermodynamics states it another way: Energy can never be created or destroyed, it can only be TRANSFERRED. Or, there is no such thing as something-for-nothing. You can't have your cake and eat it too. There is no such thing as a free lunch. Thus, overcoming this flawed word-concept of "delta Momentum" is a crucial first step in understanding the true nature of "time".

It can be resolved by simply saying that momentum is the BALANCE of wave = particle, and mass is the IMBALANCE of wave¹ particle. Or, mv = (W=P) and mv² = ¹P). Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle is given as h@ dMxdPv or in the alternate form: h @ dMxdW. By just simply saying that momentum is not a DETERMINANT of the quantum area h, it is in fact a RESULT of balanced wave energy = particle energy levels, and mass then is a temporary imbalance between wave energy = particle energy; then the mystery of "time" becomes quite clear.

The 19th century had a great controversy in physics: is light a wave or a particle? Back and forth the arguments raged. Finally Bohr (and Einstein) settled the dilemma with the Principle of Complementarity: there are 2 great languages of energy; wave energy and particle energy: light is a particle that moves like a wave. More broadly, a photon is a boson that has a certain vibration in the electromagnetic spectrum from radio waves to gamma rays. Planck also explained how the quantum step. 6.625x10^-34J-s described the blackbody spectrum. Then, after Einstein's great triumph of the Eddington eclipse photographs, which confirmed gravitational Lensing; Louis DeBroglie, a French physicist thought: OK, if light is both a particle AND a wave, why shouldn't matter, i.e., fermions, also be WAVES as well as particles? He published his mathematical theory-description of matter waves in 1922. A few years later they were discovered by bouncing electrons off of a pure nickel crystal at a certain angle which could only be explained by the matter wave theory. Thus, your body/world/universe of fermions (electrons/protons/neutrons/quarks) are WAVES as well as particles. But, you can't see them.

The DeBroglie wavelength equation is d lambda=h/mv. A jet weighing 10⁵kg and moving at 720kph has a matter wavelength = 6.625x10^-34J-s / 10⁵x200mps = 3.3125x10^-41m = 3.3125x10^-31 angstroms. Your eye sees in the (bose) wavelength range of 4000 to 7700 angstroms. In order for you to "see" everyday matter waves your eyeball would have to be some 28 orders of magnitude smaller. And so, even though matter waves are the other description of your energy-existence, they are hidden, invisible; and yet you have felt them for every instant of your living Life as "time", as under-running Ws in inertial mass or over-running Ws in gravitational mass. Thus, existence wouldn't exist if these 2 energy descriptions didn't get temporarily, by a quantum area-h, out of sync/out of balance.

The H.U.P. then has to be slightly modified: h = dWxdP or a new (actually transferred from elsewhere) quantum area is defined by a 1 - 2 step of delta wavelength THEN delta particle velocity (gravitational mass) or delta particle velocity THEN delta wavelength (inertial mass). When this 1 - 2 step occurs the fermion (or collection of fermions) is then in a new and higher momentum state as shown in the figures. As one can see, this resolves the delta momentum dilemma in that the dWs and dPv side steps are kind of like a two step waltz from point to point up and down the momentum diagonal, or D, line. Inertial mass is a dance up the right side of the D line, gravitational mass is a dance up the left side with ever smaller steps up to the large scale world of classical mechanics that gives the ILLUSION of continuous motion.

Parsing 6.625x10^-34J-s into Pv and Ws in the first h area, as abscissa (Pv) and ordinate (Ws) gives 2.574x10^-17m/s & 2.574x10^-17 newtons of wave force. At 2.574x10^-17m/s it takes about 38 minutes just to cross the diameter of a proton = absolute cold-slow. The second dPv is then (2)^½2.574x10^-17m/s, the third (3)^½2.574x10^-17m/s, and so on. If this is a turtle race, these are real....slow.....turtles....

There is a simple everyday experiment that shows how time=KE=mass=W¹P works: throw a baseball back and forth. Mass-change is like a complex, 3 aspect electrical circuit in that it has capacitance/resistance/inductance. By fermi-coulomb capacitance (like charges repel & Pauli Exclusion Principle) the electrons of your hand (outer electron clouds of surface atoms/molecules) repel the electrons of the baseball. Thus you have increased the particle velocity (Pv) of the baseball but you HAVEN'T also increased the complementary matter wavelength that also describes that higher particle velocity (the second of the two necessary steps to reach a new point on the momentum D line) and so the counterforce that you feel, and call inertia, is that lagging back matter wave being pulled up-up-up, as a resistance.

At the core of the fermion is a lenticular shaped wave galaxy that also inductance-records each quantum area input/output as an increase of equatorial area (or decrease). In other words, it isn't the vacuum of spacetime that "warps" the fermion itself is "warping"/changing shape. The wave galaxy knows exactly in which direction it is going, and how fast/hot. Thus, when you accelerate a baseball, except for the 1-Pv/2-Ws quantum steps, which you could never feel as a classical world inhabitant anyway, the order is capacitance/resistance/inductance happening simultaneously. Now, when the baseball slams into your other hand (or catcher's mitt) again the fermi-coulomb capacitance stops the Pv but the impact energy comes from over-running matter waves, and the wave galaxies again shrink back in equatorial area. So, acceleration is Pv>Ws and the w.g. goes from say 3 unit areas to 95 unit areas. Deceleration is Ws>Pv and the w.g. drops back from 95 unit areas to 3 unit areas. In transit the baseball is in a Ws=Pv momentum state.

But being in a gravity well it also travels in a parabola which means it is in freefall all of the way Gravity differs from inertia only in that the capacitance force is a bose effect instead of a fermi effect. Fermions obey the Pauli Exclusion rule: No 2 fermions (electrons) in an atom can have the same n,l,m or s number. Or as the Frank and Ernest cartoon says: a place for everything, and everything all over the place. This simple rule explains virtually all the physical facts of the world, you can think of it as the hate/uniqueness rule. The other rule is Bose Inclusion: for n number of bosons in a given state there is an n+1 enhancement factor for the next boson to join that state. Since photons are bosons the lasar is a good example of how unlimited bosons LIKE to get into the same state.

But fermions are half spin particles whereas bosons are integer spin particles, thus fermions pair up as ^½+^½=1 or 1F+1F=1B. This is why electrons naturally pair up in atoms as spin up/ spin down pairs in the electron cloud around a nucleus. And there are some 10⁵⁰ fermions that compose the earth, virtually every single one of them paired up with another fermion in a bose-bond. So, even though they repel each other on a local level they become a vast sea of bosons in the global aggregate. This LOVE effect can even be seen in the clinging boundary layer/Van Der Waals effect of fluid viscosity: the larger & closer the molecules of the fluid, the higher the viscosity.

And so, even though the bose-coulomb capacitance force is some 37 orders of magnitude weaker than the fermi-electric field capacitance the F=k_oq₁q₂/d² equation is of the same form as F=Gm_lm₂/d² that Newton discovered. To wit, the LOVE force holding you onto the earth's surface is just like inertial deceleration: over-running matter waves. And the resistance of dPv is the familiar 9.8m/s², in free fall.

And again, the wave galaxy at the core of the fermion keeps exact track of how fast the object is falling at any given instant, and in what direction. For a better view of the wave galaxy, see the data from the proton-proton scattering experiments, and for a better understanding of how fermions bose-bond see the London-London equation of superconductivity and how Cooper Pairs work.

As a model, the lenticular wave galaxy at.33x10^-15m Æ in the proton explains many things: statistical bell curve/bose polar axis/fermi equatorial area-axis/ 720^o phase angle of matter waves (up & over-down & under)/ "time" dilation as expanding rim u quarks, at a finite velocity, take ever and ever longer to complete an orbit-the Lorentz Contraction/the central d quark being both bose attracted and fermi repelled from either of the 2 u rim quarks, thus the central wave bubble/faster = hotter = increasing equatorial plane = more energy-area-room for d or u quarks to "boil" or "clone" into those new energy "pockets" = the plethora of excited particles seen in high energy collisions/as the wave galaxy approaches the c limit it flattens in the 1ongitudinal bose-polar direction (=shorter wave length) and expands in the fermi-transverse direction, thus the decreasing cone of radiation in synchrotron radiation/whv the most efficient-natural form of a gyroscope is a fat hub-thin rim of a lenticular galaxy form/our own Milky Way Galaxy is a large scale form of the tiny seed form in a fermion. . .and much more.

The point then is that "time" is actually a wave-particle object-form, and producing-controlling matter waves with this form as one does with a tunable lasar means direct control of time/inertia/gravity at variable rates or stop on a single W=P frame. Example: hit the pause button on your VCR remote, or hit fast forward; now apply that idea to living organisms in "time"....

So, have you thought of a "time" event that is NOT an energy event? Uh oh. Time's up! You are OUT OF TIME! ! !

With simple graphics it can be seen that: inertial acceleration is step 1 = +dPv from fermi-repulsion, then step 2 = +dWs (or dl which is the frictional drag that is called "inertia" or "inertial mass". Thus a new quantum area h is added in the equatorial plane of the wave galaxy and a new point is reached up the momentum diagonal, or D, line; to satisfy W=P complementarity. See Figure 1.

: inertial deceleration is step 1 = -dPv, again by fermi-repulsion, then step 2 = -dWs. Now the stored up matter wave energy/wave length comes out as over-running dl, or the WHUMP of the baseball into the mitt. The invisible +dWs that was deposited in the energy bank as Pv>Ws acceleration is now withdrawn as -dWs in Ws> Pv deceleration, but w/o fees or interest. See Figure 2.

: gravitational acceleration is step 1 = +dWs via bose attraction, then step 2 = +dPv with a frictional drag of 9.8m/s² . in free fall. Now it is the Particle velocity that lags back and is dragged, silently kicking and screaming in the vacuum, to earth's terminal velocity of 11 kps.

: weight on the earth's surface is then the same as inertial deceleration: over running matter wave energy (±dWs). The downward centripetal force of +dPv is countered by the upward -dPv of fermi repulsion of the solid earth. Thus weight (w=mg) is the same thing as the baseball being constantly slammed into the mitt, or W>P.

: inertial mass is then a stairway climb of dPv treads and dWs risers from nosing point to nosing point of balanced W=P momentum values. dPv is the "action" and dWs is the "reaction", under the momentum D line. Each new momentum balance point defines a new h area (shaded) or, how you go from mv to mv² to mv to mv². . .or (W=P) to (W¹P) to (W=P) to (W¹P) . . . .The first dPv tread is (1)^½2.574x10^-17 m/s then (2)^½2.574x10^-17 m/s, etc. The first dWs riser is the same in newtons of wave force. : gravitational mass is then just the opposite of a stairway climb of dWs risers and dPv treads on top of the momentum D line. dWs energy is drawn from the vast bose-coulomb reservoir of potential energy of the earth's gravity well and turned into the dPv of 9.8m/s², similar to an electron moving toward a nucleus, trading potential energy for kinetic energy in the process. See Figure 3.

: anti-gravity/inertialess motion/no time as "delta momentum", or jumping from point to point up (or down) the D line is then just a matter of simultaneously changing dWs and dPv at the same rate. Neither dWs or dPv is left behind as frictional mass (time), the system of fermions stays-on (or near) the D line and feel neither "time" or "mass" in a, say, 1000g acceleration. This in turn requires the production and control of matter waves (the "wave function") in a manner similar to a tuneable lasar. This then infers a macroscopic construct of the wave galaxy as a C.M. quantum/relativistic object.

The Wave Galaxy - Hot and Cold

As the wave galaxy cycles between hot-fast thin and cold-slow-fat it goes through many trillions of intermediate quantum area steps in the equatorial plane as indicated by the dashed lines. Two rim quarks define that equatorial area as indicated by the black dots. The central open dot is the third quark that is both bose attracted to and fermi repelled to either of the rim quarks. See Figure 4.

As the inductance record of the proton, a UDU(+2/3,-1/3,+2/3 electric charge) configuration, the w.g. is a double-double-double: the left side to right side matter wave is doubled, top and bottom; the bose polar dimension/amplitude is also the bose-photon wavelength determinant; and since shorter Bose wavelength = higher energy, and longer fermi-matter wave length ALSO = higher energy, this w.g. form does double duty, as it expands and contracts, in faithfully recording each and every .0000000000000000000000000000000006625 watts of quantum area steps between 0° Kelvin and c. In conjunction with the resistance and capacitance aspects of mass=KE=time then, this tiny wave galaxy at the core of fermions is then the motor/generator record of higher/lower energy levels. It knows exactly where it is and how fast it is going.

As simple as this looks it expresses the essence of some 300 years of scientific work, from Newton's Laws to the present cutting edge work in probing nucleon structure. Gyroscopes (moment of inertia, spin angular momentum), the Blackbody Radiation curve, electrodynamics, the 4 forces, cold to hot, "time", superconductivity/fluidity/mobility, statistics, spiral galaxies such as our own. . .start right here with this simple seed form of the wave galaxy.

The Wave Galaxy as the Psi Function

It has often been lamented that there is no picture of the psi function or the statistical gaussian-bell of quantum mechanics, well here it is. The central quark has an equal probability to be anywhere in the volume bounded by the top and bottom matter-waves-in the round. Rarely it is close to one of the rim quarks but has a much greater probability to be somewhere in the middle. Although it is bose-attracted to the rim quarks as well as being fermi-repelled (a damned if you do/damned if you don't situation) one can think of the central quark as a gas molecule bouncing around in an enclosure. Three possible locations (of zillions) are shown which correspond with points on the gaussian-bell curve. See Figure 5.

As one can see then, the rim quarks define the equatorial quantum increment area-plane but the third quark is free to roam around in the bubble, keeping the wave galaxy almost always off balance. Thus fermions, as structured objects, are virtually always asymmetrical in any W¹P mass=KE=time "take". This then is the origin of statistical "chance": why you are "tall" or "short", why you miss that golf putt, why you didn't win the lottery, insurance statistics, the Boltzman curve, dice rolls, probabilities of all kinds.

Einstein often said, "God does not play dice". Hawking says that not only does God play dice, he throws them where they can't be seen (inside black holes). The mistake in the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle is that dMxdP (or dflxdW) is the arbiter of chance. Actually it is this central off-balance quark that determines chance. And yet there are those (Wheeler/Gribben/Everett) that believe that probability is actuality. They are the gurus of those who buy a lottery ticket and spend idle hours dreaming of what they will buy with their winnings.

Understanding then that statistical chance is actually an electrically charged quark inside the wave galaxy one can see how it could be confined/controlled electrostatically in a macro wave galaxy and thus control "chance". . .

The Wave Galaxy as t-Dilation

This picture shows how Einstein's Relativistic Rocket and Kepler's 2nd Law are related. As the w.g. goes from fat- slow-cold to thin-fast-hot the rim quarks orbit further and further apart. Thus, as the rocket approaches c (upward in the side view) it flattens in the longitudinal (bose-polar) dimension and expands in the transverse (fermi-equatorial plane) area.